The session discusses normalization in SQL, a technique for organizing data in databases to eliminate redundancy and improve data handling. It outlines the systematic process of decomposing tables to remove duplicated data, which is essential for ensuring logical data dependencies and efficient memory usage. The presenter highlights the necessity of normalization, stating that every table must exist in a normal form to avoid issues known as data anomalies. Two main purposes of normalization are emphasized: eliminating repeated data and ensuring logical coherence in data storage. The session also introduces the concept of data anomalies, focusing on the insertion anomaly as an example. This anomaly arises when new data must be added without complete information, resulting in repeated values across multiple entries. By organizing data effectively through normalization, these issues can be mitigated, leading to a more coherent and manageable database structure.