Today's episode of freelearn focuses on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) as a type of semiconductor chip, falling under the programmable logic circuits category. The video explains that FPGAs contain programmable logical blocks and interconnection circuits, allowing for post-manufacturing programming and reprogramming to suit specific functionalities. This flexibility enables adapting projects to new standards and reconfiguring hardware for specialized applications even after installation. The architecture of FPGAs consists of configurable logic blocks (CLBs), interconnects, and input/output blocks, facilitating computation, storage, and networking within digital systems. The programmable routing in FPGAs connects logic blocks and input/output blocks, while the CLBs contain logic elements like LTUs, flip-flops, and multiplexers. Additionally, FPGA programming involves using hardware description languages like VHDL and Verilog to configure the FPGA for various applications.