The video discusses the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, considered one of the oldest in the world, dating back around 4500 years. The civilization played a key role in setting standards for civilization during the time when the global trade in textiles was prominent. It challenged the colonialism cultural norms and helped break the Western perception that only the West was civilized. The discovery of well-planned urbanization in the Harappan civilization by Indian archaeologist Dayaram Sahni in 1921 surprised historians globally, as it showcased advanced urban planning ahead of its time. This discovery shattered the British myth and highlighted India's historical significance, demonstrating that Western monopoly on civilization narratives cannot stand.